The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, STRATEGIES, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar CITY, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar CITY who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (STRATEGIES), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

A B S T R A C TThe right to the CITY in urban DEVELOPMENT goes beyond the physical form and, at the same time, has a mental and social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the CITY can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the components of right to the CITY in Bandar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective and objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban DEVELOPMENT in Bandar Abbas, the right to the CITY in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation and the right to difference for the residents have been weakened and ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the CITY space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods and parts of the central areas of the CITY, as well as parts of new DEVELOPMENTs, the right to the CITY has been more manifested, and in about 19.8% of the CITY spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements and slums of the CITY, this right has been undermined and ignoredExtended AbstractIntroductionThe right to the CITY as a physical, mental and social concept seeks a fundamental change in dealing with urban planning and DEVELOPMENT issues, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the CITY can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. In other words, this theory is a call for the priority of the consumption value of the CITY against its exchange value, which can only be pursued through the analysis of urban issues in the framework of the "CITY space" metaphor in the right to the CITY. It is a fundamental change in the CITY to create opportunities and space for citizens to meet and achieve their needs. MethodologyFrom a descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the explanatory components of urban DEVELOPMENT in Bandar Abbas from the perspective of the right to the CITY. In this research, by collecting 77 subjective and objective measures, the COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making technique has been used to integrate data in the ArcMap environment. Citizens are the source of mental data, official documents and maps are the objective data, and experts are the relative weight of the criteria. It should be mentioned that to guarantee the validity of the content based on the guidance of supervisors and advisors, the collective opinion of university experts and the use of similar studies were exerted. The reliability of the questionnaire was also tested by Cronbach's alpha method, and the value of the alpha coefficient (0.866) indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Results and discussionThe findings show that in the current state of urban DEVELOPMENT in Bandar Abbas, the right to the CITY in all its aspects, including the right to possession, the right to participation, and the right to difference for the residents, has been weakened and ignored. A review of the findings shows that the social function of the CITY's real estate and land, with a coefficient of 0.136, followed by environmental justice, with a coefficient of 0.131, has the greatest impact on the urban DEVELOPMENT of Bandar Abbas. On the other hand, socio-spatial justice in the process of taking over space, with a coefficient of 0.106, shows the lowest level of influence in the DEVELOPMENT of Bandar Abbas compared to other components of the right to the CITY. The results show that about 20% of the area of Bandar Abbas CITY is in a very unfavorable situation compared to the components of urban DEVELOPMENT based on the right to the CITY approach. These areas of the CITY are spaces where the residents' right to the CITY has been severely denied, and they are deprived of taking over the CITY space.In this regard, the results show that 20.7% of the CITY's space, mainly focused on wealthy neighborhoods, parts of the CITY's central areas, and parts of Mehr's housing, has the right to a greater manifestation of the CITY. The CITY's space is more in line with its residents. As shown in the spatial distribution of the urban DEVELOPMENT components of Bandar Abbas based on the right to the CITY approach, the possession of space through the right to presence, the accessibility of residents to the opportunities and resources of the CITY, as well as the fair distribution of facilities and services play a decisive role in urban DEVELOPMENT. However, as the results show, it is the difference that gives meaning to the urban space, and therefore the space must provide the conditions for the CITY to play a role in meeting the needs of all CITY groups. The requirement of this role is the central position of the residents in making decisions about the CITY space, which is a unique way to realize the right to the CITY. ConclusionAs Brenner states, the right to the CITY is a call to create "cities for people, not for profit." In this definition, urban DEVELOPMENT is more than a physical thing and has a mental and social dimension at the same time. In terms of the right to the CITY, the right to possession, the right to participation, and the right to difference form the trinity of urban DEVELOPMENT and the guiding light of these three principles that determine the quality of a different CITY. Unfortunately, urban DEVELOPMENT in Bandar Abbas has weakened and denied residents' rights. The zoning resulting from the spatial analysis shows that about 19.8% of the CITY's spaces, which mainly correspond to informal settlements and poor neighborhoods, this right has been weakened and ignored. From the theoretical aspect of the right to the CITY, this event originates from the space as an economic and physical thing exchanged in the market, not a consumption thing formed by the citizens and in social interaction with the space. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the DEVELOPMENT of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-CITY in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-CITY in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-CITY”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable CITY”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable DEVELOPMENT of the CITY-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid DEVELOPMENT of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. The global increase in oil demand since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an impact on the spatial structure and relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the DEVELOPMENT of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports and created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant impact on the DEVELOPMENT of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth and physical DEVELOPMENT of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the variables and factors affecting the DEVELOPMENT of the spatial structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-CITY in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-CITY in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative and the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the variables affecting the spatial structure of port-CITY relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about the DEVELOPMENT process of the CITY-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, the output of data analysis was done by the Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the variables in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and changes of the system. The method of distribution and dispersion of the variables in the spatial structure of port-CITY relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory variables). According to the results, some variables such as “the changes in the strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-CITY”, “the modification of the management method” and “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-CITY” and “the way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On the other hand, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” and “income, cost and investment in the port-CITY”, “the contrast and physical integration of the port - CITY space”, “the DEVELOPMENT of various industrial and production activities in the ports and their local hinterland” and “their qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment and desirable CITY”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infrastructure and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the CITY and the port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to the port - CITY” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in the CITY-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable DEVELOPMENT of the CITY-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management and information technology and DEVELOPMENT in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of CITY-port relation and clearly emphasize the direct impact of the "investment in port-CITY" in the DEVELOPMENT of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that CITY-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain the key variables affecting the DEVELOPMENT of the spatial structure of the port-CITY of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-CITY”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable CITY”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable DEVELOPMENT of the CITY-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid DEVELOPMENT of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infrastructures such as airports and ports of this CITY. These STRATEGIES have a wide impact on improving the economic growth of the CITY and the DEVELOPMENT of the port in order to adapt with the global trade and advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES and their effect on the sustainable livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of Bandar Gaz CITY. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. Sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. Sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural DEVELOPMENT, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural DEVELOPMENT compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable livelihood strategy is one of the new STRATEGIES that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural DEVELOPMENT to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz CITY? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Extended AbstractIntroductionSince 1999, a new approach was proposed in the planning literature under the title of "Urban DEVELOPMENT Strategy," which focuses on strengthening the competitive economy, but at the same time, environmental, financial, infrastructure, urban structure, and reduction aspects. It covers poverty and includes planning for measures prepared to improve urban management and governance, increase investment to improve services and employment, and sustain and systematically reduce poverty in the CITY. In these plans, with the focus on urban management and the participation of urban stakeholders, the CITY's vision is specified, and STRATEGIES are formulated to achieve the vision and sustainable DEVELOPMENT of the CITY. The rapid changes in Piranshahr due to the CITY's functioning require the CITY to have a basic, correct, flexible, and suitable plan. Despite this, having a comprehensive and forward-looking plan has been deprived. It has been limited to a guiding and comprehensive urban plan due to the emphasis on the physical aspect, static and traditional, lack of flexibility, weak implementation capability, the lack of attention to the dominant function of the CITY, and most importantly, the lack of people's participation in these plans have not met the current needs of Piranshahr. The current research was written to measure the indicators of urban DEVELOPMENT strategy, identify the CITY's potential, and formulate its DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES. MethodologyThe present research is based on the objective, functional, and descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected using a survey approach. The statistical population of the research is three groups of citizens, officials, and elites of Piranshahr. To evaluate the situation of Piranshahr in terms of the CDS index, questionnaires were distributed among a group of citizens, officials, and elites, and after data collection, they were analyzed in SPSS software. According to the results of the questionnaire and according to the upstream plans and the review of the existing situation, the key limitations and the potential and future DEVELOPMENT prospects of Piranshahr were identified and specified. Then, the factors identified in the SWOT model were evaluated, and their weighting was done by redistributing the questionnaire. According to the weighting results of the questionnaires, STRATEGIES were prioritized with a combination of AHP-SWOT and ANP-SWOT models and Expert Choice and Super Decision software. Results and discussionThe evaluation results of CDS indicators in Piranshahr from the point of view of urban groups of citizens, officials, and elites were 2.42, 2.31, and 2.15, respectively. There is a significant difference in the evaluation of the views of the urban groups in relation to the indicators, and only in the index "dominance" (F (2, 479) =2.48, P=0.084), there is no significant difference between the groups. It can be said that "Piranshahr is not in a favorable situation in terms of CDS indicators and sub-indices." In the landscape creation process, citizens, officials, and elites have identified the main issues in the current situation as the lack of urban facilities and services (citizens), the lack of appropriate and sufficient government investments (officials), and the lack of a comprehensive plan for the CITY (elites) have listed the process of co-creating the vision was done in two stages, which is as follows: "A CITY with an economy based on commercial (overseas) commercial activity; a CITY with mining activity (with an emphasis on decorative stone mines); a CITY with natural and historical tourist attractions with an emphasis on shopping tourism; a CITY with an agricultural economy."The residents of Piranshahr have a consensus regarding the potential of Piranshahr and the vision of the CITY in the next 20 years. The results of the AHP model show that the strategy "Strengthening the commercial performance (overseas) of Piranshahr CITY and related functions" with the highest score (0.374) as the "best strategy" and the strategy "creating and developing infrastructure" Tourism STRATEGIES with an emphasis on shopping tourism and optimal utilization of natural and historical tourist attractions" were also selected with a score of 0.284 as an "alternative strategy" for the future DEVELOPMENT of Piranshahr. Also, the results of the ANP model indicate that the strategy "Strengthening the business performance (overseas) of Piranshahr CITY and related functions" with the highest score (0.357) as the "best strategy" and the main strategy for the future DEVELOPMENT of Piranshahr was determined. The final output of the two models shows differences only in the final weights of the STRATEGIES; so, the priority in the AHP model is 0.374 but in the ANP model it is 0.357. ConclusionWhat is clear is that Piranshahr is not in a favorable situation in terms of CDS indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the management and DEVELOPMENT of Piranshahr from a participatory point of view. The CITY management and its DEVELOPMENT have left the path of following political management, and by involving the stakeholders of the CITY in the urban DEVELOPMENT program, the sharp divergence between the CITY management and social activists reduced and thus improved the situation of CDS indicators in the CITY and led it to a path where every citizen is responsible for the DEVELOPMENT of the CITY and thus the situation of CDS indicators in Piranshahr has improved. The ground for the DEVELOPMENT of the CITY should be prepared. On the other hand, according to the DEVELOPMENT of a specific vision for the CITY in a specific horizon (2035), it is necessary to prepare a comprehensive urban plan based on integrated urban management with the participation of citizens and creating a suitable environment by the urban management. The CITY's administrative and executive bodies should lead the CITY toward DEVELOPMENT by moving in the direction of integrated management. FundingThe costs of this research have been covered by the student. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Introduction Investing in projects, according to the industrial DEVELOPMENT guide of United Nations, is the use and allocation of economic resources to achieve long-term benefits. The use of the word profit instead of resources is due to the fact that the purpose of investing is not limited to net profit and loss, but also has other benefits. One of these benefits includes the use of the tourism industry, which has developed in the world, especially in developed countries, as a large sector along with other economic ones. And it can become a basic industry along with other fundamental ones such as agriculture, industry and services. The CITY of Rasht is located as one of the largest urban centers on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, which has natural features, topographic features, river-valleys, forests, sea and historical sites. In recent years, despite holding various exhibitions and urban events and using the environmental protection force and special attention to sustainable DEVELOPMENT, management of Rasht CITY has not been able to make appropriate exploit of the CITY's potential. Absence of strategic vision and lack of attention to the rich cultural characteristics of the people of Rasht, has caused the CITY to lose its balance of strategic planning structures. The CITY of Rasht is considered as an attractive and cheap destination for tourists, but there is still no suitable place to compete in the world. Therefore, the explanation of creative urban tourism DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES is as a concern in the field of urban planning that can increase GDP. Methodology In order to achieve the method and methodology of this study, a qualitative study has been conducted with the grounded theory approach. The reason for choosing the grounded theory is that executive techniques can be achieved based on this one. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the situation of Rasht CITY in the aspect of creative CITY indicators. At first, it reviews the indicators used in the world, and after selecting the indicators in accordance with the background conditions of this CITY, it measures and quantifies them. The purpose of this study is not only to evaluate the creative CITY indicators of Rasht, but also the main goal of this research is to exploit the potentials of Rasht CITY, to provide solutions for urban creativity and to apply practical STRATEGIES to attract domestic and foreign investment based on achieved STRATEGIES of the research results. According to the above, it can be said that the present study seeks to answer the questions as follow:-What is the situation of the creative CITY indicators in Rasht CITY?-What are the appropriate STRATEGIES for the DEVELOPMENT of creative tourism of Rasht CITY? The present research is descriptive-quantitative one with applied nature. In order to collect information, 393 questionnaires were completed through residents. The data were analyzed by using of binomial tests, correlation and exploratory factor analysis(EFA). Then, after analyzing the statistical data, the proposed STRATEGIES are presented through the SOAR strategic model. Results and discussion From the data analysis, several central categories have been obtained: Restrictions of Rasht CITY, popular culture, undesirable social structure, uneven and dysfunctional management, lack of urban infrastructure, dysfunctional transportation system, weakness of education, overlapping tasks of organizations and poor advertising in underdeveloped tourism have cause confusion and imbalance in urban sustainable DEVELOPMENT and also have influenced STRATEGIES. Conclusion According to the consequences of the adopted STRATEGIES and based on the definitions of events, tourism and sustainable DEVELOPMENT, it can be argued that the CITY of Rasht does not have thorough cultural facilities and it is not possible to hold various events. One of the considered and inferred STRATEGIES, is the creation of food festivals during different seasons, which can be useful for the DEVELOPMENT of tourism and introducing the local food of this CITY to domestic and foreign tourists. Teaching traditional foods of this CITY to tourists is another achieved strategy of the research. Because in today's modern world, tourists are not just looking for entertainment; their basic need is to acquire the indigenous culture of cities and countries and to spread it in their own country. According to the research and the results of the analysis in order to achieve the objectives of the research, there is a basic need to create valuable and educational places. Establishing guidance centers in the CITY and holding training courses are other STRATEGIES that we have witnessed a lack of them. Considering the capacities of Rasht CITY in the field of creative gastronomy CITY and suitable cultural contexts among the people of Rasht CITY, it can be expected the DEVELOPMENT of tourism with increasing the quality of services and products based on providing the necessary training as one of the requirements of sustainable DEVELOPMENT, in addition to creating the platform for people to benefit from the brand of creative gastronomy CITY.

In the third millennium and the urban world, achievement to DEVELOPMENT requires cities that they were mentioned as DEVELOPMENT engine until a few decades ago and today, they are introduced as knowledge-based cities. Such cities have a kind of economy based on knowledge and sustainable cities that their citizens live in comfort. In other words, a knowledge-based CITY is one aiming to achieve wisdom-based DEVELOPMENT. This important issue is done by creating, dividing, updating, and measuring knowledge continuously. In order to achieve to this purpose, citizens’ constant interaction from one hand, and interaction among them and people in other cities or urban economy from other hand is necessary. In the meantime, industrial cities, as economically and demographically important places, are very important since they are alternatives to achieve to knowledge- based cities because of their direct relationship with technology, science, job creation, and revenue creation. Thus, this research tries to evaluate feasibility of industrial cities to achieve to knowledge-based DEVELOPMENT with the aim of multiple analyses socially, economically, environmentally, institutionally etc. of industrial cities. Thus, CITY of arak, as one of the industrial hubs in the country, was investigated. Research methodology was descriptive- analytical by using decision-making techniques of SWOT and PESTLE. In this regard, it has been tried in this research to examine indicators of knowledge-based CITY in Arak, to realize abilities and limitations of CITY of arak by using strategic planning techniques and evaluating status, to investigate whether industrial cities, such as Arak, have necessary potential to become knowledge- based CITY, and to determine STRATEGIES to achieve to knowledge- based CITY. The findings indicated that CITY of Arak is able to become a knowledge- based CITY.

Religious tourism is a kind of tourism that has important role in economic and cultural sustainability due to its' special circumstance and roots in religious culture. It so provides high capaCITY to develop tourism in different regions of the country. Hence, it is necessary to investigate current conditions and develop strategic planning based on regions' strengths and facilities. Dezfoul CITY with 50 mosques and religious monuments as tourism attractions and a variety of religious rituals has an appropriate capaCITY to develop religious tourism. In this study the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and so opportunities and threats (external factors) in Dezfoul are investigated with SWOT technique and then ranking of the developed STRATEGIES is done with AHP method, and finally some suggestions for reinforce it in Dezfoul proposed. Research method is descriptive-analytical using library and survey studies. results show that according to established priorities from experts' opinions, using weakness and strength factors and balance of opportunity and threats is in middle state, it means using available opportunities and strength and so lowering weaknesses and threats is possible but this requires planning and boosting tourism infrastructures of CITY and enhance public awareness in understudy field. In addition, aggressive strategy is the most important strategy in religious tourism DEVELOPMENT of Dezfoul and reviewing strategy is the next.

Introduction The CITY, the most important of human life and human settlements is one of the last half century, due to the increasing degree of urbanization and urban population of the most important aspects of global change, the introduction to the growth and DEVELOPMENT of cities and provide a broad body changes range from local to global scale land created content. This trend is more pronounced, especially in developing countries, has led many urban areas in terms of population, physical or both, developing and developed, yet "there is a huge demand for the DEVELOPMENT of basic infrastructure. Cities Iran is not exempt from this, so that along with the rise and DEVELOPMENT of capitalism, capital accumulation, spatial concentration of production tools and manpower requirements will lead to the DEVELOPMENT of Urbanization. CDS or urban DEVELOPMENT strategy, the process of preparation based on long-term vision of the future that is based on the implementation plan is prepared. The main objective of this process, the combination of all the components of effective participation in society, to achieve long-term outlook and priorities in the field of integrated urban settlement and administrative issues and implementing projects identified short-term. The Urban DEVELOPMENT Strategy, the circumstances in which the partnership to solve problems of poverty and economic DEVELOPMENT should be considered. Overall, the strategic document for the DEVELOPMENT of conforming to social justice through community-wide collaboration to improve the quality of life for all citizens, especially the poor are made and Its main purpose the provision of sustainable urban DEVELOPMENT through public participation is to build community capaCITY building. Urban patterns analyzed and designed based on cognitive positivism model which were supplied in unreal environment and far from urban population capaCITY. Considering growing problems in urban, the Civil DEVELOPMENT Strategy (CDS) is an appropriate approach to comprehensive study and strategic management. The approach has provided seriously studying field for managers and urban planners as well as politicians now. In the end, the point is that the process is relatively centralized planning and urban management in cities and the impact of this project on cities and citizens, the necessity of the general framework for the design and use of a dynamic system approach, citizen participation and public review in the preparation, implementation and future landscape urban DEVELOPMENT, the processes of social, economic and cultural DEVELOPMENT of the CITY and urban communities, and good lord components such as transparency, accountability, consensus-building, cooperation, politics, voice, etc. is inevitable. Thus the paper is the results of field studies and library in a part of the implementation strategy for urban DEVELOPMENT in Mahabad which investigate structural - physical condition of the CITY.Methodology It is a practical research and its method is descriptive – analytic. Reviewing the concepts and principles of related issue, field study methods (direct observation, interviews with experts and elites of the CITY) has been used to data collection. In this stage of study, along with field observations from different parts of the CITY, the state and problems of objective interviews and identification of the groups was explained and advice. The oldest participants were from 31 to 46 and nearly 60 percent of the total population in the study of various classes and groups in Mahabad. Interviewing citizens and officials and various stages of field studies, finally the physical and structural problems in this CITY were mentioned; then Solutions and executable programs was presented to manage Mahabad CITY in terms of civil DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (CDS).Results and discussion Research findings show that more than 91 percent of surveyed populations are not aware of running programs and future programs of urban management (municipalities). The most important current problems of Mahabad are lack of facilities and urban infrastructure, lack of appropriate recreational and sports spaces, Lack of efficient management in CITY, residents inadequate financial afford, authorities failure in implementing modern methods of scientific agriculture, poor utilization of natural resources and facilities related to them and no citizen participation in urban management and worn tissue, especially in the central parts.Conclusion The results show that Mahabad CITY’s abnormality outlook, particularly in the context of the central CITY, terminal, Tanakora market, urban and rural interconnection contexts, especially in urban areas around the foothills, expanding without proper infrastructure in urban areas (pristine foothills), compacted context, disorganized and unintelligible due to the DEVELOPMENT of the automobile and urban DEVELOPMENT, particularly in areas such as Ashabh Sefid, Shaiegan Gardens, Posht tapeh, Sanjan Abad, Rashid Sufi minerals, Taha Sufi mineral and worn context of Mahabad and marginalized groups in the CITY made a very terrible landscape in CITY especially in center and foothills; in other word they brings visual pollution and disturbance. The most important issues concerning spatial- structural studies from urban DEVELOPMENT strategy view are including: inefficient surface water disposal system especially in central and foothills of CITY due to its high slope, inappropriate and less durable materials, narrow streets its winding, lack of space on the roadway, chaotic streets of the marginal area, lack of adequate coverage and even coating asphalt streets. Also having good communication situation, pushing Apartments in tissues outside the central CITY park suitable for tourism due to the possibility of creating a suitable climate, access for pedestrians, and different user composition and to create routes bikes Due to the very good potential as Mahabad Dam, Sahoolan Cave and lagoon Connie Brothers, a relatively wide area of fertile soil the CITY, coefficient of low probability of earthquakes in the CITY, started a massive construction zone Zagros health, business exposure to strong edges in the CITY, according to the sustainability of the physical environment improving the quality of construction and... are Issues that due to the positive points and areas to maintain proper body structure in future for this CITY, can take advantage of it be the best.

A B S T R A C T Green CITY is one of the approaches to sustainable DEVELOPMENT. “green CITY” is an environmentally friendly CITY compatible with the concept of sustainable DEVELOPMENT and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green CITY,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green CITY is one of the sustainable DEVELOPMENT approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green CITY. In this study, 14 indicators of electriCITY consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad CITY areas in terms of green CITY indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green CITY characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green CITY Extended Abstract Introduction Green CITY is one of the approaches to sustainable DEVELOPMENT. A “Green CITY” is an environmentally friendly CITY compatible with the concept of sustainable DEVELOPMENT and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green CITY,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the DEVELOPMENT of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green CITY index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and DEVELOPMENT of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and DEVELOPMENT of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the CITY has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban DEVELOPMENT, such as green CITY, is determined. Analysis of the green CITY index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green CITY, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green CITY was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green CITY features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green CITY. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green CITY, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green CITY.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green CITY features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific